Condensation is the change of the physical state of aggregation (or simply state) of matter from gaseous phase into liquid phase and the reverse of evaporation Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid, that occur only on the surface of a liquid. The other type of vaporization is boiling, that instead occurs on the entire mass of the liquid.[1] When the transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase directly, bypassing the liquid phase, the change is called deposition Deposition is a process in which gas transforms into solid . The reverse of deposition is sublimation. While condensation can occur in many different substances, the condensation of water vapor in air is by far the most common experienced (such as the formation of dew on a cold drink).
Condensation commonly occurs when a vapor A vapor or vapour (see spelling differences) is a substance in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical temperature. This means that the vapor can be condensed to a liquid or to a solid by increasing its pressure, without reducing the temperature is cooled to its dew point The dew point is the temperature to which a given parcel of air must be cooled, at constant barometric pressure, for water vapor to condense into water. The condensed water is called dew. The dew point is a saturation point. When the dew point temperature falls below freezing it is often called the frost point, as the water vapor no longer creates, but the dew point can also be reached through compression. The condensed vapor is called a condensate, the laboratory or the industrial equipment used for condensation is called a condenser In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it. In so doing, the latent heat is given up by the substance, and will transfer to the condenser coolant. Condensers are typically heat exchangers which have various designs and come in many.
The science of studying the thermodynamic properties of moist air and the interrelationships between these in order to analyze, and predict properties by changing in the conditions of moist air is called psychrometry Psychrometrics or psychrometry are terms used to describe the field of engineering concerned with the determination of physical and thermodynamic properties of gas-vapor mixtures. The term derives from the Greek psuchron meaning "cold" and metron (μέτρον) meaning "means of measurement". The interrelationship can be graphically represented, and prediction carried out graphically by the psychrometric chart Psychrometrics or psychrometry are terms used to describe the field of engineering concerned with the determination of physical and thermodynamic properties of gas-vapor mixtures. The term derives from the Greek psuchron meaning "cold" and metron (μέτρον) meaning "means of measurement". Most people think the water is condensation, but condensation is only the process of change.
Water vapor that naturally condenses on cold surfaces into liquid water is called dew Dew is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning or evening. As the exposed surface cools by radiating its heat, atmospheric moisture condenses at a rate greater than that at which it can evaporate, resulting in the formation of water droplets. Water vapor will normally only condense onto another surface when the temperature of that surface is cooler than the temperature There are basically two equivalent concepts of temperature, the thermodynamic concept and the statistical physics concept. Since thermodynamics deals entirely with macroscopic measurements, the thermodynamic definition of temperature, first stated by Lord Kelvin, is stated entirely in macroscopically measurable variables. Statistical physics of the water vapor.
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Applications of condensation
Condensation is a crucial component of distillation Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction, an important laboratory and industrial chemistry application.
Because condensation is a naturally occurring phenomenon, it can often be used to generate water in large quantities for human use. Many structures are made solely for the purpose of collecting water from condensation, such as air wells An air well or aerial well is a structure or device that collects water by promoting the condensation of moisture from air. Designs for air wells are many and varied, but the simplest designs are completely passive, require no external energy source and have few, if any, moving parts and fog fences A fog fence or fog collector is an apparatus for collecting liquid water from fog, using of a fine mesh or array of parallel wires. Proposed geometries include linear, similar to a fence and cylindrical. It has the advantage of being passive, requiring no external energy source to perform its collection. This makes it attractive for deployment in. Such systems can often be used to retain soil moisture in areas where active desertification Desertification is the extreme deterioration of land in arid and dry sub-humid areas due to loss of vegetation and soil moisture; desertification results chiefly from man-made activities and influenced by climatic variations. It is principally caused by overgrazing, overdrafting of groundwater and diversion of water from rivers for human is occurring—so much so that some organizations educate people living in affected areas about water condensers to help them deal effectively with the situation.[2]
See also
- Air well (condenser) An air well or aerial well is a structure or device that collects water by promoting the condensation of moisture from air. Designs for air wells are many and varied, but the simplest designs are completely passive, require no external energy source and have few, if any, moving parts
- Kelvin equation Kelvin equation describes the change in vapour pressure due to a curved liquid/vapor interface with radius r (for example, in a capillary or over a droplet). The Kelvin equation is used for determination of pore size distribution of a porous medium using adsorption porosimetry
- Retrograde condensation Retrograde condensation is compressing a gas in a tube beyond the point of condensation with the effect that the liquid evaporates again. This is the opposite of condensation the so called retrograde condensation
- Phase diagram A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions at which thermodynamically-distinct phases can occur at equilibrium. In mathematics and physics, "phase diagram" is used with a different meaning: a synonym for a phase space
- Phase transition A phase transition is a natural physical process. It has the characteristic of taking a given medium with given properties and transforming some or all of that medium, into a new medium with new properties. Phase transitions occur frequently and are found everywhere in the natural world. Some engineering techniques exploit certain types of phase
- Condenser (heat transfer) In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it. In so doing, the latent heat is given up by the substance, and will transfer to the condenser coolant. Condensers are typically heat exchangers which have various designs and come in many
- Surface condenser Surface condenser is the commonly used term for a water cooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed on the exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. Where cooling water is in short supply,
- Bose–Einstein condensate
Notes
- ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry is a non-governmental organization established in 1919 as the successor of the International Congress of Applied Chemistry for the advancement of chemistry. Its members are national chemistry societies. It is the recognized world authority in developing standards for the naming of the chemical. "condensation in atmospheric chemistry". Compendium of Chemical Terminology The Compendium of Chemical Terminology is a book published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry containing internationally accepted definitions for terms in chemistry. Work on the first edition was initiated by Victor Gold, hence its informal name, the Gold Book Internet edition.
- ^ FogQuest - Fog Collection / Water Harvesting Projects - Welcome
References
External links
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Hartford Courant
If cooled to solid condensation , these molecules spontaneously form silicate tetrahedra, the building blocks of earthly rock. If metal ions are present ...
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The QCT uses aggressive water to test the surface resistance of coatings and other materials
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ue, 12 Jan 2010 06:23:12 GM
A problem for the majority of home owners is . condensation. . Particularly if live somewhere cold and wet like I do, Blackpool England. Damp is one of the worse.
Q. I live in an old property and suffers from condensation any suggestions on how to keep warmth in and condensation away.
Asked by emma W - Mon Nov 12 09:06:30 2007 - - 8 Answers - 0 Comments
A. Not easy I'm afraid - even with double glazed windows you can still get condensation. You could try a dehumidifier - but these can cost quite a bit but they do remove the moisture in the air - look to pay about 200 or more for a good one.
Answered by jamand - Mon Nov 12 09:11:45 2007
